A tongue tie, also known as ankyloglossia, is a remnant of tissue in the middle, undersurface of the tongue and floor of the mouth that restricts normal tongue movement.

The American Academy of Physiological Medicine and Dentistry (AAPMD) definition refers to all conditions that are a result of altered breathing during sleep, including sleep apnea, upper airway resistance syndrome, and snoring.

Low tongue posture, mouth breathing, open mouth posture, tongue thrust swallow and other dysfunctional swallowing patterns over a lifetime increase the risk of pain in the TMJ.

Breathing through the mouth as the primary source of breathing can cause health problems. These problems can be especially severe for children because it can affect the long-term development of the face.

A tongue thrust is when your tongue pushes forward during swallowing. This can cause teeth to shift. Even if you have gone through orthodontic treatment, you are at risk for relapse if you do not address the tongue thrust.

Pacifiers, fingers, thumbs, blankets, toys etc. are all considered non-nutritive suck appliances that help to soothe babies. While pacifiers do have some benefits early on and it is very individual for each parent on choosing whether to use them or not, most recommendations are to eliminate the habit by 12mos of age.